Types of IUDs – Benefits, side effects & comparisons

Types of IUDs

IUDs or intrauterine devices are contraceptives that are inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. They work by either releasing copper to create an inhospitable environment for sperm or progestin to thicken cervical mucus, and thin the uterine lining to prevent implantation.

The way the IUD works depends on whether you choose a hormonal or non-hormonal variety. Both are highly effective at preventing pregnancy and last for years before needing to be replaced. It’s normal to wonder, “Which IUD is right for me?” when learning about the different types of IUD options, so let’s discuss each one in more detail.

Hormonal IUDs

When deciding between a hormonal vs non hormonal IUD, it’s important to understand how each one works. A hormonal IUD releases a hormone called levonorgestrel that prevents both fertilization and implantation. To start, levonorgestrel thickens the cervical mucus, which stops sperm from penetrating into the cervix and fertilizing an egg. Levonorgestrel also creates an unfavorable environment in the uterus for implantation, so a fertilized egg can not implant into the uterine lining.

Hormonal IUDs are highly effective with a 99% success rate for pregnancy prevention. They begin working after insertion, however in some cases you need additional protection for 7 days, and last between three and eight years, making them a convenient option for women who forget to take daily contraceptives or want an easy-to-use alternative. They’re also reversible and can be removed whenever you want. Hormonal IUDs like Mirena may also reduce or stop menstruation, and cramping, which many women appreciate.

While they have many benefits, it’s important to understand the possible disadvantages and side effects of choosing a hormonal IUD. For some, the insertion process can be painful or uncomfortable, and you may experience irregular bleeding or bleeding outside of periods for the first few months. Additionally, it’s important to note that no IUD protects against STIs, so it’s important to communicate with your partner before engaging in sexual activity. The risk of ectopic pregnancy is lower with hormonal IUDs than with copper IUDs.

Non-hormonal IUDs

When choosing which IUD is the best for your situation, it’s important to consider non-hormonal options. In the US, Paragard is the only copper IUD available, providing over 99% effective, hormone-free contraception. Note that women in Europe and the UK have access to a broader selection of copper IUDs, but these may not offer the same high level of pregnancy protection as Paragard. They still may have other benefits, though.

Non-hormonal IUDs work by creating an inflammatory reaction that makes a hostile, toxic environment for sperm, preventing them from surviving. It also alters any egg-sperm interaction, preventing fertilization. Finally, if fertilization does occur, copper IUDs prevent implantation in the uterine lining.

Copper IUDs begin working immediately after insertion and last up to 12 years. When removed, fertility returns almost quickly, making them a great option for women who want to become pregnant at a later date. They are also an effective emergency contraception option, and don’t interfere with breastfeeding. While they have many benefits, there’s also some disadvantages to choosing a non-hormonal IUD. Some women may experience heavy periods with copper IUDs and a slightly increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts. In extremely rare cases, copper toxicity may also occur.

The insertion process and accessibility

Regardless of the IUDs types you choose, the insertion process is the same. To start, your doctor will clean and disinfect your cervix and vagina, using an antiseptic solution. Once done, they’ll use an applicator tube that safely houses the folded IUD to push through the cervical opening into the uterus. Once inside, they’ll release the IUD from the tube, where the arms will automatically unfold, securing its position within the uterus. The doctor will then trim the attached strings to around 3 to 4 cm. These strings are used to check the device’s position and for easy removal.

To help with pain management, your doctor may use a numbing gel on the cervix or a local anesthetic. You can also discuss mild sedation. It’s common to experience pain and cramping during the insertion procedure, with mild spotting, dizziness, or cramping continuing for a few days afterward. Your doctor may schedule a follow-up for 4 to 6 weeks after the procedure to ensure the device is positioned correctly.

Cost and insurance coverage

When deciding, “What is the best IUD for me?” it’s important to consider the cost. Depending on where you live and your insurance coverage, you can expect to pay between $0 and $1,800 for the device. In the USA, most insurance plans, including Medicaid, are required to offer FDA-approved birth control with no out-of-pocket fee. In the UK, women on the NHS have no cost, while private fees range from £150 to £750+.

Whether you have private insurance or rely on government-covered health care, carefully reviewing your coverage is essential. This helps you understand which procedures are covered and avoid hidden fees like insertion costs.

At Hormona, we take pride in providing comprehensive insights and information to help women take control of their health. Our personalized advice can give you tips for avoiding unexpected surprises when visiting your doctor, so you can advocate on your own behalf.

Personalized health considerations

Selecting an IUD is a highly personal choice, and there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. You should take your own needs, concerns, and health conditions into consideration before making a decision. Hormona delivers tailored insights into your hormonal health, making it easier to manage side effects or make health changes when needed. You can track your menstrual cycle, log symptoms, and even monitor your hormone health for personalized insights that empower your health journey. With Hormona, you have the tools necessary to take control of your health and better understand your body.

FAQ

Which IUD is the most recommended?

It’s tough to say which IUD is “most recommended” because the right choice depends on your individual situation: how long you need contraception, whether you want benefits like reduced menstrual bleeding, and what side effects you’re willing to accept. Interestingly, IUDs are more popular in Europe rather than in the USA.

Devices like Kyleena and Mirena are popular for those looking for a hormonal option, while the copper IUD Paragard is often used for non-hormonal contraception in the USA. Healthcare providers may recommend IUDs with a higher hormone dose more often to women who have given birth compared to women who haven’t.

Can IUD cause thrush?

There isn’t enough research to definitively answer this question. While some laboratory experiments have looked at the link between different types of IUDs and Candida growth, the results are inconclusive. One study showed Candida growth in about 30% of participants after non-hormonal IUDs insertion versus 25% of participants with hormonal IUDs. To confirm or challenge these findings, a larger study comparing a group with IUDs to a control group without IUDs is necessary.

Which IUD stops periods?

Hormonal IUDs like Mirena that release levonorgestrel may stop your periods.

Which IUD causes weight gain?

There is no specific IUD that is shown to cause significant weight gain. In a 12-month study, the average weight gain for participants who used hormone IUD was only 1 kg or 2.2 lbs.

Which IUD is the best for heavy periods?

Mirena and Liletta are good options for heavy periods since they release higher levels of levonorgestrel compared to other types of hormonal IUDs, which are enough to thin the lining of the uterus and reduce menstrual flow by as much as 70%.

Why wait 2 weeks after IUD?

While you might have seen claims online that all IUD insertions require backup contraception, this isn’t true. Whether you need to use additional protection depends on the timing of your IUD insertion. A hormonal IUD inserted within the first 7 days of your menstrual cycle offers immediate protection against pregnancy. If inserted later, use condoms or another barrier method for the first 7 days.

Non-hormonal IUD provides protection immediately after insertion, requiring no waiting time. Some non-hormonal IUDs can be used for emergency contraception and are effective if inserted within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse.